The epidemic situation of hepatitis A in the first twenty years of the twenty first century in the North-Western Federal District


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2022.12.4.11-8

Esaulenko E.V., Butskaya M.Yu., Skvoroda V.V., Ibrokhimova A.D., Priima E.N.

1) Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; 2) Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Objective. To study the epidemic situation of hepatitis A (HA) in the North-western Federal District (NWFD) in the first twenty years of the twenty first century and to identify key trends and possible causes.
Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the data of state statistical reporting on HA (Form No. 2 “Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases”) and the analytical tables designed at the Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology and at the Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis Monitoring, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being. A healthy population was examined for anti-HAV IgG to determine the proportion of a latent component.
Results. The intensity of the epidemic process of HA decreased substantially in both the NWFD and Russia in the first twenty years of the twenty first century. During the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic, the lowest HA incidence was recorded possibly due to the activity of general preventive and anti-epidemic measures for two infections. The activity of the epidemiological process is estimated much lower than the real one, since the latent component is not taken into account. Viral load was found to play a role in developing severe cases of the disease and cytolytic syndrome.
Conclusion. The current epidemic situation in the Russian Federation necessitates a wide routine vaccination of the population against HA as a priority in the set of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

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About the Autors


Professor Elena V. Esaulenko, MD, Head, Department of Adult Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Head, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; eve-gpmu@mail.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1993
Maria Yu. Butskaya, Postgraduate Student, Department of Adult Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; butskaya.masha@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-7972
Vsevolod V. Skvoroda, Epidemiologist, Department of Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Prevention, Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Senior Laboratorian, Department of Adult Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; sevask94@gmail.com; http://orcid.org/0000–0003–3450–8446
Anastasia D. Ibrokhimova, Cand. Med. Sci., Assistant Lecturer, Department of Adult Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Infectologist, Department of Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Prevention, Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; nastya1089@mail.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-7856
Ekaterina N. Priima, Cand. Med. Sci., Assistant Lecturer, Department of Adult Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; priima–e@rambler.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-0890


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